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title="中國?？谡T戶網站" class="CurrChnlCls">中國?？谡T戶網站</a> >> <a href="../../../../" target="_self" title="市情" class="CurrChnlCls">市情</a> >> <a href="../../../" target="_self" title="歷史名城" class="CurrChnlCls">歷史名城</a> >> <a href="../../" target="_self" title="名勝古跡" class="CurrChnlCls">名勝古跡</a> >> <a href="../" target="_self" title="椰城傳說" class="CurrChnlCls">椰城傳說</a> >> 正文 </div> <div class="maincon"> <h1 class="maincon-t">瓊州書香此間來</h1> <div class="maincon-i">中國?？谡T戶網站　　更新時間：2024-04-22 09:46 　　來源：海南日報　　</div> <div class="maincon-p"><input class="btn" onClick="javascript:window.print()" type="button" value="打印此文" name="print2" /> <input class="btn" onClick="window.close()" type="button" value="關閉窗口" name="close2" /></div> <div id="zl_Articel" class="maincon-c"> <div class="trs_editor_view TRS_UEDITOR trs_paper_default trs_web"><p style="text-indent: 2em;">原標題：海南古代藏書地——<span style="text-indent: 0em;">瓊州書香此間來</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="text-indent: 0em;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="./W020240422352856133382.jpg" data-uploadpic="U020240422352418829361.jpg" needdownload="true" data-needdownload="true" title="1.jpg" alt="" style="" picname="1.jpg" OLDSRC="W020240422352856133382.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;">《海南第一樓》。林光博繪</p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="./W020240422352856160294.jpg" data-uploadpic="U020240422352483582482.jpg" needdownload="true" data-needdownload="true" title="2.jpg" alt="" style="" picname="2.jpg" OLDSRC="W020240422352856160294.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;">郭傳璞雕像。陳雅如攝</p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="./W020240422352856189264.jpg" data-uploadpic="U020240422352544207423.jpg" needdownload="true" data-needdownload="true" title="3.jpg" alt="" style="" picname="3.jpg" OLDSRC="W020240422352856189264.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;">?？谖骞魞鹊奈骞?。蒙樂生攝</p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;"><br/></p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="./W020240422352856215095.jpg" data-uploadpic="U020240422352605948747.jpg" needdownload="true" data-needdownload="true" title="4.jpg" alt="" style="" picname="4.jpg" OLDSRC="W020240422352856215095.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;">王國憲發掘整理的《瓊州府志》。資料圖</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">唐代流傳的典籍中即有“海南無書”之說，北宋蘇軾居儋時期，亦時常為“食無肉，病無藥，居無室，出無友，冬無炭，夏無寒泉”的處境所困擾，其實，他筆下的“六無”說的僅是生活條件，那時海南還有“一無”——無書可讀。蘇軾曾在《與程全父書》中說：“無與晤語者，又書籍舉無有?！钡搅嗣鞔?，這種現象也沒有太大的改觀，以致于出生于瓊山的明代武英殿大學士丘濬也時常感嘆海南書籍稀少。然而，瓊州雖偏遠，仍可蒙受皇帝眷顧，早在北宋慶歷四年（1044），瓊州奉詔建立瓊州學宮，并迎來海南第一批御賜圖書，海南也第一次有了藏書機構。因為有了這些圖書，海南的士子們才得以借助書籍了解外面的世界。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">瓊州學宮</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">收藏海南第一批御賜書</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">北宋仁宗為改善海南文教薄弱的局面，特命國子監博士宋守之為瓊州知府，并于慶歷四年（1044），下詔建立瓊州府學。據南宋王象之著《輿地紀勝》和明萬歷《瓊州府志》等書籍記載，慶歷年間，提刑官彭次云巡歷至瓊州，鑒于海南無書，上疏奏請頒書，并派遣監書專門護送，皇帝予以恩準，特地從御府中抽出部分藏書賜給瓊州學宮。學識淵博的宋守之常利用公暇時間親自登壇講課，成為歷代流傳的佳話。正德《瓊臺志》引舊志云：“慶歷間，宋守之知瓊州，教諸生講五經于先圣廟（即府學孔廟），建尊儒亭，暇日躬自講授，由是州人始知向學?！杯偵綄W士陳孚師從宋守之，得到真傳而后舉進士，“鄉人慕之，始習進士業”。南宋《錦衣堂題名記》亦稱：“仁皇命國子師為守，分東觀書，當時之士，始知為學?！币虼丝梢哉f，宋守之是推動海南文教進步第一人，仁宗皇帝的御賜書則翻開了瓊州士子向學的第一頁。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">元豐年間（1078－1085），瓊管帥守李時亮重修府學時，曾一再為學宮奏請御書，還特地在府學建御書閣一座，珍藏御賜書籍。南宋咸淳二年（1266），史籍載原御書閣在府學庠門外，已有數十年，書閣腐舊且不易管理，丟書的現象屢見不鮮，于是教授蔣科移建御書閣于府學講堂之北，并加強對圖書的管理。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">瓊州府學御書閣是歷朝御賜書籍的專藏館閣，除御書閣外，瓊州府還建藏書樓，專藏用府學辦學經費購買的圖書。至明代，瓊州府學內藏的各種文獻史籍，已具一定規模。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">明成化八年（1472），丘濬在瓊州學宮建藏書石室，將自己精選的圖書收藏在石室中供郡庠生閱讀，藏書石室的創建，對府學庠生的影響巨大。原府學學士、后來舉進士及第的鄭廷鵠在《刻〈瓊臺會稿〉后序》中稱年輕時在藏書石室獲讀所藏書目，還發現學宮中丘公文稿的寫本二卷。萬歷三十三年（1605），學宮明倫堂等多處建筑物圮毀于大地震。第二年，瓊州知府高維岳復修，將藏書石室中的典籍移藏于復建的尊經閣，包括丘濬《世史正綱》《朱子學的》的遺稿及《瓊臺會稿》的墨版，惜今無存。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">宋、明時期是瓊州學宮藏書最盛的時間段，后來尊經閣反復修繕，藏書樓的鼎盛期一直持續到清道光年間。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">王氏霜筠軒</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">薛丘二公于此觀覽名書</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">明洪武二十六年（1393），原籍安徽合肥的王惠因兄王志調任瓊州而落籍瓊山，在府城南隅購地，建霜筠軒。處士王惠師從明初儒學大師、瓊州府學教諭趙謙，是趙謙的門人高足。他特別喜歡讀書，家中藏書甚多。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">王惠熱情好客，在霜筠軒中接待瓊州各地學者，并在此為生徒講授性命義理之學。其師趙謙欣賞他學識博洽卻不為名利所動的雅操，特作《霜筠軒記》，借“霜筠”之名鼓勵和贊嘆其堅持良好的品行。在趙謙的影響下，明初著名文學家、內閣首輔解縉和翰林學士劉三吾也先后為霜筠軒作記和題詩。在幾位大儒的支持和推動下，霜筠軒儼然成為當時瓊州的一處文化勝地。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">王惠卒后，家中無人能繼其學，留下許多好書。他的女婿趙璟是一位安貧樂道且好讀書的雅士，素與瓊山優秀學子薛遠、丘濬友善來往，并將這兩位好友帶到霜筠軒飽覽群書。后來，薛遠、丘濬先后于正統七年（1442）、景泰五年（1454）舉進士及第。明代海南詩人王佐在《瓊臺外紀》中載：“璟嘗與薛尚書繼遠、丘文莊仲深友善，時接談笑，其聲瑯瑯。然每傷其妻父王霜筠先生家多書籍而后無能主者。收藏寶蓄，用資諸人，以故薛、丘二公多得名書觀覽，皆起寒畯，而能以學識致通顯，為海內名人，璟有助焉?！?/p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">可惜，霜筠軒及其藏書已無存。王惠的著作《截山詠史集》《嶺南聲詩鼓吹集》也未見流傳。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">“海南第一樓”</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">郭晚香海外傳書香</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">為打造海南第一所新式實學學堂，清光緒十五年（1889），兩廣總督張之洞、巡道朱采仿廣東學海堂例，在原蘇泉書院西側建學圃堂，學圃堂旁建有“海南第一樓”、觀稼堂和五公精舍等?！昂Ｄ系谝粯恰睂嶋H上起著藏書樓的作用。樓上用于祭祀李德裕、李綱、趙鼎、胡銓、李光等五公，樓下成為藏書館。為了將學堂辦好，朱采先后聘請有從政經歷的舉人潘存擔任蘇泉書院山長，浙江名士、知名藏書家、出版家、舉人郭傳璞擔任學圃堂主講。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">“海南第一樓”藏有官藏書和郭傳璞的個人專藏。官藏書主要是朱采用辦學經費購買的經籍和張之洞從廣雅書局調撥來的“廣雅叢書”等書籍。郭傳璞專藏是郭氏從浙江帶來的私人藏書，計有8000多卷，它們的出現豐富了學圃堂藏書，與官藏書加在一起，使“海南第一樓”成為名副其實的“萬卷書樓”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">郭傳璞，字怡士，號晚香。他在學圃堂講學兩年，光緒十七年（1891）春卒于講院，終年七十五歲。郭傳璞在浙江時已是遠近聞名的藏書家，他收藏的珍本自是價值不菲，同時，他又是出版家，在浙江時已刊刻多種圖書，他刊刻的《金峨山館叢刻》是江浙一帶先賢未曾刊刻的遺稿，非常珍貴。民國《瓊山縣志》卷二十三《官師志》載：“海外得見其書，珍同拱璧?！蹦赀~的他將這些個人藏書都帶來，可見其有終老海南之意。在學圃堂，他不僅將自己珍藏的圖書分享給學生閱讀，病重時，還常委托學者王國憲為其購買圖書。他愛生如子，言傳身教，不遺余力。此外，他還應知府隆斌之邀，對殘損的道光《瓊州府志》及該志缺失的部分墨版進行搶救式修復，經過80多天的辛勤工作，補刻了7萬多字。我們現在能看到該志的完整版即道光《瓊州府志》光緒十六年（1890）補刻本，要感謝郭傳璞。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">民國初，郭氏藏書移至五公精舍，后五公祠圖書館成立，專藏郭氏藏書；“海南第一樓”官藏書則隨著蘇泉書院遷至府城東南新址，而置于新建的藏書樓中，后被瓊崖中學校（原瓊臺書院）接收，現在部分藏書分藏于瓊臺師范學院和海南師范大學圖書館，鈐“第一樓官藏書不準攜帶出院”楷字朱印。郭氏藏書則在民國時期不知所蹤，海南老作家白苗稱五公祠圖書館藏書在民國時期被軍閥、政客等搶奪一空。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">除了以上列舉的藏書閣（室）外，瓊臺書院藏書和近現代學者王國憲傳承的王氏經籍，經過數代積累，均達到2萬余卷，聲著于海南藏書史?，F存瓊臺書院藏書分藏于瓊臺師范學院和海南師范大學；王國憲藏書僅有74種1280冊藏于?？趫D書館，為新中國成立初期王氏后人所贈，其藏書卷首多鈐“瓊雅堂經籍金石之章”“堯云珍藏”等印，此中亦有許多人文故事。</p></div> <script>createDetailPageHTML(1, 0, "t1354618", "shtml")</script> <br> <div class="other-word"> </div> </br> <div class="ie8sys screen" style="text-align: center;"> <span id="qr_container" style="font-weight: bold;color: #014886;font-size: 16px">掃一掃在手機打開當前頁</span> </div> <div class="newnewerm screen" id="div_div" style="margin:0 auto 10px;width:150px;height:150px;"> <div id="ewmfx"></div> <div id="qrcodeTable"></div> </div> <script> var xgnum = 0; if( xgnum != 0){ document.write("<div class='xgwd'><p>相關文檔</p></div>"); } </script> <ul class="xgwz"> </ul> </div> <div class="maincon-b"> <div class="share" id="share"> <div class="share-icon"></div> <div class="share-box" id="share-box"> <a class="share-btn gwds_weixin" data-w="gwds_weixin" title="微信"> </a> <a class="share-btn gwds_tsina" 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